2020年农历新年前夕,一场百年不遇的新冠肺炎疫情(COVID-19)突袭荆楚,蔓延全国。当前,疫情在我国得到有效控制,但世界范围内仍在蔓延。面对这场疫情危机,纵观全球,世界经济衰退,国际贸易和投资萎缩,国际金融市场动荡、国际交往受限、经济全球化遭遇逆流、一些国家保护主义和单边主义抬头、地缘政治风险上升;向内审视,我国经济正处在转变发展方式、优化经济结构、转换增长动力的攻关期,面临着结构性、体制性、周期性问题相互交织所带来的困难和挑战,疫情冲击下的经济运行面临较大压力。
故此,新冠疫情造成的公共卫生和经济影响以及相应的政策效应亟需国内学术界的研究和关注。清华大学国家金融研究院--国际金融与经济研究中心(CIFER)疫情经济学项目组应运而生。
CIFER疫情经济学文献速递将收集推送国内外关注新冠疫情的公共卫生学和疫情经济学前沿学术论文,并持续更新,旨在提供学术和政策参考。敬请关注,一起在疫情经济学文献的海洋中乘风破浪。(文献仅代表文献原作者个人观点)
文献摘要:
The effect of large-scale anti-contagion policies on the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors:Hsiang, S., Allen, D., Annan-Phan, S. et al.
Governments around the world are responding to the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic with unprecedented policies designed to slow the growth rate of infections. Many actions, such as closing schools and restricting populations to their homes, impose large and visible costs on society, but their benefits cannot be directly observed and are currently understood only through process-based simulations. Here, we compile new data on 1,717 local, regional, and national non-pharmaceutical interventions deployed in the ongoing pandemic across localities in China, South Korea, Italy, Iran, France, and the United States (US). We then apply reduced-form econometric methods, commonly used to measure the effect of policies on economic growth, to empirically evaluate the effect that these anti-contagion policies have had on the growth rate of infections. In the absence of policy actions, we estimate that early infections of COVID-19 exhibit exponential growth rates of roughly 38% per day. We find that anti-contagion policies have significantly and substantially slowed this growth. Some policies have different impacts on different populations, but we obtain consistent evidence that the policy packages now deployed are achieving large, beneficial, and measurable health outcomes. We estimate that across these six countries, interventions prevented or delayed on the order of 62 million confirmed cases, corresponding to averting roughly 530 million total infections. These findings may help inform whether or when these policies should be deployed, intensified, or lifted, and they can support decision-making in the other 180+ countries where COVID-19 has been reported.
文献摘要(译文):
大规模防疫政策对COVID-19大流行的影响
为应对新冠病毒大流行,世界各地的政府广泛采取了旨在降低新冠感染增长率的大规模政策。许多措施,例如关闭学校和限制民众居家,给社会带来了巨大且可见的成本,但它们的收益无法直接观察到,目前只能通过基于过程的模拟预测来估算。这篇文章收集了新冠流行的中国,韩国,意大利,伊朗,法国和美国的1717个本地,区域和国家非药物防疫措施的数据。然后,采用reduced-form计量经济学方法(通常用于衡量政策对经济增长的影响)评估防疫政策对新冠感染增长率的影响。在没有采取任何政策措施的情况下,文章估计COVID-19的早期感染每天呈指数增长,增长率约为38%;研究发现,反传染的防疫政策已大大并显著减缓了这一增长。某些政策对不同人群的影响不同,但是文章获得了一致的证据,表明目前部署的政策方案正在取得巨大,有益和可衡量的健康成果。据估计,在这六个国家中,干预措施预防或延迟了6200万例确诊病例,相当于避免了大约5.3亿例总感染。这些发现可能有助于了解政府是否或何时应部署,加强或取消这些政策,并且为已发现新冠疫情的其他180多个国家的决策提供支持。
原文链接:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2404-8
CIFER疫情经济学
项目简介:
2020年伊始,来势迅猛的新冠肺炎疫情(COVID-19)对全球经济造成了一定影响。新冠疫情造成的公共卫生和经济影响以及相应的政策效应亟需国内学术界的研究和关注。清华大学国家金融研究院--国际金融与经济研究中心(CIFER)疫情经济学项目组由清华大学五道口金融学院讲席教授清华大学国家金融研究院国际金融与经济研究中心(CIFER)主任鞠建东发起,陈骁、黄汉伟、孙若琰、张佳梁等国内外公共卫生和经济领域专家学者组成,旨在新经济地理学的框架下考察新冠疫情及防疫措施对于病毒传播、要素流动与经济活动的影响。